STERLING BROWN AND THE BROWNING OF MY LIFE
On May
11, 1984, Sterling A. Brown was officially named the Poet Laureate
of the District of Columbia.
It was the highest honor the city had ever bestowed on a poet.
The event coincided with the opening of the 2nd
Annual Larry Neal Writers’ Conference
and was held on Capital Hill.
It took place ten days after his 83rd birthday
and 15 years after I first met him on the campus of Howard University.
Sterling A. Brown a native of Washington,
D.C. had a long distinguished
association with the university. When describing his relationship with Howard
he often said he was a man “hired, fired and rehired.”
Between 1969 and 1984 my life would be linked to Sterling
Brown’s. His life in many ways shaped my own literary career and resulted in my
decision to become a literary activist.
Perhaps even the idea of becoming a poet might be linked to
hearing Brown read his poems on campus
around 1969. Growing up in the South Bronx I
had never attended a poetry reading or heard someone read poetry in public. What
I recall about my first Brown reading
was the fascinating “lies” he told in between poems. The “lies” was an
introduction to his skill as a storyteller; listening to them one became
witness to Brown’s wit and wisdom. Brown introduced me to what one might define
as a distillation of the black experience. My introduction to what Brown called his Southern Road occurred at a
time when I had just left New York
and my family’s West Indian roots. I became aware of Brown’s poetry at the same
time I had started reading books like Black Power by Stokely Carmichael and
Charles Hamilton, Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver, The Wretched of the Earth
and Black Skin White Masks by Frantz Fanon and the early poetry books of Sonia
Sanchez, Don L.Lee, Norman Jordan and Amiri Baraka.
The Sterling Brown poems I found memorable were:
Long Gone
Ma Rainey
Old Lem
These were the poems I enjoyed hearing Brown recite. These
are the Sterling Brown poems I now and then read at my own readings. Not included
on my list is “Strong Men” which many might consider Brown’s signature poem. It
was a poem he would often conclude his readings.
This change probably took place in the late sixties and early seventies.
According to a comment made by Michael Thelwell (one of Sterling’s students), Brown once ended his
readings with the poem “Old Lem.” It might be interesting to speculate why the
change. The poem “Strong Men” can be
viewed as a long riff on a line composed
by Carl Sandburg. It is a poem however that should be noted for its historical
summary of the black experience as well as being visionary. Brown refers or
gestures to the future by describing how the strong men cannot be held back and
that they are coming on.. The result is a poem that unlocks the door of
transformation and embraces a future of infinite possibilities. Little did I
know this when I was an undergraduate student at Howard University.
I do recall in 1969, Sterling Brown being mistaken for white
during the evening activities of the “Towards A Black University
Conference.” His entrance into the
Howard gymaniusm for a cultural evening was met with opposition from black
militant security guards. This incident
perhaps (if nothing else) served as a reminder that if this was a “Towards A
Black University Conference” which direction were black people actually heading
in.
In his own words, Brown saw himself as a minor poet and a
major teacher. His legacy some believe can be found by looking at his students
or the numerous intellectuals he influenced. I find it difficult to accept
Brown as a minor poet and this is why it’s so important to continue to examine
and write about his life.
One might ask what did Brown consider to be his best poetry
and did others agree.
In his own anthology The Negro Caravan published in 1941)
and co-edited with Arthur P. Davis and Ulysses Lee. We find the following poems
included in the anthology:
Long Gone
Slim in Hell
Southern Road
Old Lem
Break of Day
Strong Men
Did Brown select these poems or did his co-editors?
In 1971 when Arthur P. Davis and Saunders Redding edited
Cavalcade: Negro American Writing From 1760 to the Present, they included
Brown’s poems:
Odyssey of Big Boy
Old Lem
Sister Lou
Memphis
Blues
Slim in Atlanta
Remembering Nat Turner
How an author’s work is represented in anthologies plays a
significant role in how a writer will be taught and remembered. Anthologies
however capture not only the views and politics of the editor, they also
reflect the times during which they are edited and published. We see this
happening to the poetry of Sterling Brown around the time I met him.
In 1968 Abraham Chapman released Black Voices. This
anthology of black literature would become a very popular book in the
curriculum of newly created black studies programs. In Black Voices, Chapman
includes 9 poems by Brown. Here we find the poems “Southern Cop” and “The
Ballad of Joe Meek.” two poems in which police violence is the central theme. In
2014 these poems seem to echo the sad news we continue to hear across the country
in which incidents take place between police and black youth. At the same time
it illustrates that Brown’s work remains timely and extremely important. But
what should one teach “Southern Cop”or “Strong men?”
Sterling Brown was one of several elders who changed my life
between 1969 and 1984.
The others were: Stephen Henderson, C.L.R. James, Arthur P.
Davis and Leon Damas.
Threre are a few memorable moments during my student days at
Howard that involved
Brown.
One took place when I was selling copies of The Black
Collegian magazine. I remember going into Brown’s third floor office in
Founders Library and asking if he wanted a copy.
Brown purchased 4 issues. It would be much later that I
realized he was helping me out- he was being supportive.. He was placing money
in my pocket. This small gesture – speaks loudly of a generation of black men
who are pillars of their community.
I also liked Brown’s style. He was a poet with a jacket and
tie. Like Leon Damas – one of the founders of the Negritude Movement – these
men dressed the part of intellectuals. They were men of letters. How they
smoked a pipe of cigarette was often done with a jazz musician’s cool. (See photograph taken by Roland Freeman).
Think of Miles or Lester Young – think of Brown’s friendship with Duke
Ellington.
It was Brown’s pipe that in May 1972 was the reason for
Steve Jones and I paying a visit to Brown’s Northeast home. Jones who resided
next door to me in Cook Hall dormitory was close to Margaret Burroughs who ran
the DuSable Museum in Chicago. Burroughs instructed Jones to visit
Brown to see if he might donate something her museum. In the early Seventies I
was working in the African American Studies Reading Room and had access to
video tape equipment. On May 4, and 14, 1972 (not 1978 as mentioned in Robert
O’Meally annotated bibliography) I recorded Brown.
These early recordings of Brown and the documenting of his
life would have a significant impact on my mentor Stephen Henderson. Henderson
who had taught at Morehouse in Atlanta
and had also been connected with the Institute of the Black World, came to
Howard around 1970. He joined the Department of Afro-American Studies and
taught two courses that I took, Blues, Soul and Black Identity and Problems of
the Black Aesthetic. Henderson
had just published his groundbreaking anthology Understanding The New Black
Poetry. He had a deep respect and
interest in Brown’s work because of its connection to the blues.
Upon accepting the directorship of the Institute for the
Arts and Humanities at Howard in 1973, Henderson
would encourage a more systematic study and documentation of Sterling Brown’s
life. This would first consist of Brown coming out of retirement and becoming
the Senior Research Associate at the Institute. I was chosen to be the Junior
Research Associate. From 1973 to 1974 I would video tape a number of Brown’s readings,
lectures and interviews.
This documentation of Brown’s life, along with Leon Damas
being on the advisory board of the Institute for the Arts and Humanities – and
pushing for better preservation of black history and culture resulted in the
building of a documentation unit within the structure of the Institute and
developed and headed by Harold Burke.
Because I had interviewed Sterling Brown I was encouraged by
Henderson to
interview the writer Frank Marshall Davis which I did on October 24, 1973. This interview would be helpful to the
literary scholar John Edgar Tidwell who in 1992 edited, Frank Marshall Davis –
Livin’ The Blues: Memoirs of A Black Journalist and Poet.
Frank MarshallDavis during the 1970s was a mentor to our
President Barrack Obama -while Obama was
growing up in Hawaii.
Obama writes about Davis
in his memoir- Dreams From My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance.
Listening to Sterling Brown talk about his life was more
exciting than reading John Hope Franklin’s From Slavery to Freedom. Looking
from behind a camera served as an early reminder that I couldn’t just write
poems –but that I needed to live the legacy. I needed to preserve the memories
of people that came before me.
My early beginnings as a literary activist started with the
promotion and documentation of the work of Sterling Brown.
Brown made this statement about my work on May 4, 1978:
I would like to bear
brief witness in this tribute to E. Ethelbert Miller. I am one of his
creditors. I am deeply in his debt. I hope I can last long enough to repay him.
Others will praise Ethelbert’s own poetry, his editing, his Ascension series of
readings. I want to add my praise for his own work and his devoted, generous
backing of the works of others.
In my many days I have
known those who have greatly influenced and supported the development of our
poets. I knew and prospered from the advice and backing of such mentors and
friends as Will Marion Cook, James Weldon Johnson, Charles S. Johnson,
Montgomery Gregory, and Alain Locke; but these were all older men than I, and I
owe much to them. But now, will wonders never cease! I find as a sponsor a
youngster, a mere tad of a boy who was not even born when I traveled the
Southern Road. Together with Steve Henderson, James Early and Niani Kilkenny he
sponsored the WHUR tribute to me and was one of the key participants on the Pacifica tribute to me,
two heart-warming events. I would like to say to my colleague, sponsor, and
fellow poet and fried.
Thanks, thanks my good
friend, I am in your debt.
When Brown makes reference to Niani Kilkenny in his tribute
to me, he opens the door to the additional research Sterling Brown scholars
need to explore. There are a number of women who helped promote the work and
career of Sterling Brown. They include Betty Parry, Grace Cavalieri, Myra Sklarew,
Effi Barry, Dottie Green , Eleanor Traylor and Marquette Folley Regusters. A
couple of these woman are deceased but the ones still living probably have a
head full of Sterling lies that might be funny as well as sad. I mention Dottie Green because she would be
responsible for editing a Brown tribute aired on National Public Radio.
In 1981, I served on a D.C. Arts Commission panel that
awarded Sterling Brown one of the first Mayor’s Arts Awards.
By this time African American scholars and poets around the
country would begin to celebrate Brown’s work and honor him.
Joanne Gabbin, Michael Harper, Charles Rowell, John Edgar
Tidwell and Mark Sanders
are some of the individuals that continue to keep Brown’s
memory alive.
Today, the Sterling Brown Papers housed at Howard University
have certain restrictions placed on the collection. How this will influence the
future research into Brown’s work and legacy might require a new generation of
literary activists to step forward.
Finally, Sterling Brown never saw himself as part of the
Harlem Renaissance or New Negro Movement. When folks said he might have missed
the boat, Brown reminded them that he never went down to the dock.
-
E. Ethelbert Miller
-
April
30, 2014
Watha T. Daniel Public Library
Washington,
D.C. 20012